ATATÜRK'ÜN HAYATI İNGİLİZCE ( Ataturk's LIFE )

Ataturk's LIFE

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in Salonika in 1881 Kocakasım, three-storey pink house at Islahhane Street was born. His father Ali Riza Efendi, the mother is Lady. Paternal grandfather, Hafiz Ahmed Efendi XIV-XV from. century in Konya and Aydin Yoruk of her husband settled in Macedonia. His mother had settled in the old town near Salonika Langasa is the daughter of a Turkish family. Militia officer, clerk and lumber trader who Evkaf Ali Riza, in 1871 she is married with wife. Four of Atatürk's five siblings died at a young age, just Makbule (Atadan) and lived until 1956.

When it comes to the education of young age, his education in Hafiz Mehmet Efendi began the school district, then the Semsi Efendi School, moved to his father's wishes. In the meantime, his father died (1888). Rap for a while staying at the farm after his uncle's return to Salonika and had finished school. Was signed in Thessaloniki. A short time later entered the Military Middle School in 1893. In this school math teacher Mustafa Bey, the name "Kemal" was added. 1896-1899 Military İdâdi'sini finish the monastery and began his education in Military Academy in Istanbul. He graduated in 1902 with the rank of lieutenant., Attended the Military Academy. 11 January 1905 he completed the Academy with the rank of captain. 5 years between 1905-1907 in Damascus Served in the military orders. Kolağası 1907 (Senior Captain) respectively. III to the monastery. Appointed to the army. In the Army Corps which entered Istanbul on 19 April 1909 as chief of staff was involved. He was sent to France in 1910. Attended the Picardie maneuvers. In Istanbul in 1911 under the Command of General Staff started to work.

Starting with the Italian attack on Tripoli in 1911 during the war, Mustafa Kemal, together with a group of friends took part in Tobruk and Derna. 22 December 1911 won the Battle of Tobruk against the Italian. 6 March 1912 was appointed Commander of the Association.

Balkan War started in October 1912, Mustafa Kemal joined the battle with units from Gallipoli. Dimetoka time the withdrawal of Edirne and seen the great service. In 1913 he was appointed military attache in Sofia. While in this position in 1914 was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Military attache ended in January 1915. In the meantime, I. World War II began, the Ottoman Empire was forced to go to war. Mustafa Kemal, 19 Was commissioned to establish a division in Tekirdağ.

Starting in 1914, I. World War, Mustafa Kemal in Gallipoli and the Allies to write a heroic epic "Gallipoli passed!" The freedman. 18 March 1915, the British and French fleet through the Straits of Dardanelles with heavy losses when the decided to remove troops from the Gallipoli Peninsula. 25 April 1915, forces of the enemy, Mustafa Kemal commanded the 19th Division Conkbayir stopped. Mustafa Kemal was promoted to full colonel after this great success. 6-7 August 1915, was to attack. Suvla Suvla in August 9-10, Group Commander Mustafa Kemal won the victory. Kirectepe this victory in August 17, August 21 in II. Anafartalar victory was followed. Provide approximately 253,000 killed in the war the Allied forces against the Turkish nation is a wise honor. Mustafa Kemal's soldiers, "I am not ordering you to attack, I order you to die!" order changed the fate of the facades.

Edirne and Diyarbakir after the Çanakkale wars and in 1916, Mustafa Kemal took duties. 1 April 1916 was promoted to brigadier general. Mus and Bitlis to the Russian forces in the war was to be back. After short duties in Damascus and Aleppo in 1917, came to Istanbul. Velihat Vahdeddin Efendi for observations in the front were going to Germany. Became ill after the trip. Vienna and received treatment in Karisbad'a. August 15, 1918 Aleppo 7 As commander of the army returned. Successful defense against the British forces on this front, the war was conducted. A day after the signing of the Armistice the difficulties, 31 October 1918, was appointed Commander of Lightning Group of Armies. November 13, 1918 on the removal of this army to come to War (the Ministry in) started to work.

Armistice, the Allied forces after the difficulties started to take over the Ottoman armies, Mustafa Kemal 9 Inspector General of the army arrived in Samsun on May 19, 1919. June 22, 1919 in Amasya circular released by the "nation's will and determination of the nation will recover" and announced the Sivas Congress was convener. 23 July to 7 August 1919 in Erzurum, September 4 to 11 between 1919 and Sivas Congress gathered for the liberation of the country helped determine the path to be followed. He was met with great enthusiasm in Ankara on 27 December 1919. April 23, 1920 Turkey Grand National Assembly of the Republic of Turkey to open the way to establishing an important step was taken. Mustafa Kemal was elected to the Presidency of the parliament and the Government of Turkey Grand National Assembly, Independence War, the law required for the successful acceptance and implementation has begun.

Turkish War of Independence 15 May 1919 during the enemy occupation of Izmir by the Greeks first began to cast the lead. On August 10, 1920 between the Ottoman Empire signed the Treaty of Sevres, which I share Before World War II victors against the state-yi Forces militia has been fighting with the given name. Turkey Grand National Assembly established a regular army, Forces-yi - the army and achieving integration has resulted in victory for the war.



Mustafa Kemal, the Turkish War of Independence, are important steps are:

Sarikamis (September 20, 1920), Kars (30 October 1920) and (7 November 1920) recovered.

Cukurova, Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş Sanliurfa defense (1919 - 1921)

I. Victory (6 to 10 January 1921)

II. Victory (March 23-April 1, 1921)

Sakarya Victory (August 23 to September 13, 1921)

Great Attack, Battle of the Commander and the Great Victory (August 26, September 9, 1922)

After the Sakarya Victory, 19 September 1921 Turkey Grand National Assembly Gazi Mustafa Kemal the rank of Marshal and granted him the title. Independence War, has resulted in the Lausanne Treaty was signed on 24 July 1923. Were so shattered by the Treaty of Sevres, Turkey is the homeland of the size of 5-6 provinces of national unity based on the territory of Turkey for the establishment of the new Turkish state was no obstacle.

23 April 1920 the opening of Parliament in the Republic of Turkey was the first clue. The successful management of the Assembly of Turkish Independence War, has accelerated the establishment of the new Turkish state. Caliphate and Sultanate was separated on 1 November 1922, was abolished. Thus, the Ottoman Empire was breaking ties with the administration. Republican rule was adopted on 29 October 1923, Atatürk was unanimously elected the first president. 30 October 1923 by Ismet Inonu, the first government of the Republic was founded.

Republic of Turkey, "Sovereignty unconditionally belongs to Nation" and "peace at home peace in the world" began to rise on the basis.


Ataturk Turkey "to the level of contemporary civilization," the revolution has made a number of purposes.
Those reforms can be grouped under five headings:
1. Political Reforms
• Abolition of the Sultanate (1 November 1922)
Proclamation of the Republic (29 October 1923)
Abolishment of Caliphate (3 March 1924)

2. Social Reforms
• Women were given equal rights with men (1926-1934)
Revolution Headgear and Outfit (25 November 1925)
Closing of dervish lodges and shrines (30 November 1925)
Surname law (21 June 1934)
Moniker and the elimination of names (26 November 1934)
International clock, calendar, and the length of acceptance of measurements (1925-1931)

3. Law Reform:
Mecelle lift (1924-1937)
Turkish Civil Code and other laws to be passed in the interests of the secular legal system (1924-1937)

4. Reforms in Education and Culture:
Teaching of the merger (March 3, 1924)
Adoption of new Turkish alphabet (1 November 1928)
Establishment of Turkish Language and Historical Society (1931-1932)
Editing University of education (31 May 1933)
Fine art of innovation

5. Revolution in the Field of Economics:
• Asar removal
Encouragement of farmers to •
• Establishment of model farms
Industry Promotion Act to remove the establishment of Industrial Corporations
I. and II. Development Plans (1933-1937) is implemented, the country is equipped with new ways of

Surname Law, 24 November 1934 TBMM'nce Mustafa Kemal "Ataturk" was given last name.

Ataturk, 24 April 1920 and was elected to the Presidency of the Parliament on 13 August 1923. The presidential office, the State-Government in the Presidential level. Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923 and was elected the first president. According to the Constitution the presidential elections were held every four years. 1927.1931, 1935 Turkish Grand Assembly again elected to the presidency.

Ataturk frequent trips out of state work was inspected. Failing to give orders about the relevant directions. As president, who visited Turkey with foreign presidents, prime ministers and commanders welcomed.

On 15-20 October 1927 War of Independence and the founding of the Republic and describes the Great Speech, 29 October 1933 on the 10th Speech to the year.

Modest in his private life. He married with Latife Hanim on 29 January 1923. Together they had many trips around the country. This marriage lasted until 5 August 1925. Disaster Ataturk who love their children (Inan), Sabiha (Gökçen), Fikriye, Ulku, Nebile Gazi Mustafa Zehra and his daughter was adopted by the spiritual shepherd. By İhsan Abdurrahim and took the auspices of the children. Create a good future for his living.

Farms to the Treasury in 1937, some land was donated to municipalities of Ankara and Bursa. Legacy from his sister, his adopted children and divided the Turkish Language and Historical Society. Reading books, listening music, dancing, horseback riding and was very fond of swimming. Zeybek dances, wrestling and the Rumelia folk songs were extremely interested. Would take great pleasure in playing backgammon and billiards. His horse Sakarya and his dog Fox valued. Created a library rich. State dinners and scientists, the artists will invite the country's problems were discussed. Be sure to wear clean and tidy. Was very fond of nature. I often go to the Forest Farm, would join the work itself. He knew French and German.

ATATURK'S LAST YEARS AND DEATH

Ataturk's first symptoms appeared in 1937. While in early 1938 in Yalova, as seriously ill. The treatment gave positive results. Is quite good but tiring trip to Ankara, to increase the disease caused. This date to be on the agenda of the Hatay issue was not him. Although the patient, the tour came to Mersin and Adana. Under the hot sun to do exercises and inspections of military units, was too tired. From Ideally the national trial were disregarded for the sake of their health. Travel south to the increase of the disease caused. After his return to Ankara on May 26 he went to Istanbul for treatment and rest. By doctors, was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver.

Good weather for the sea, has a long rest in bed. Even countries that are interested in the problems continued. Romania had come to London with the king. The Council of Ministers meeting chaired. The entry into force of the Treaty of 4 July 1938, Atatürk was very glad to improve morale. Remaining until the end of July it became the illness of Atatürk was transferred to the Dolmabahce Palace. But the disease was advancing steadily. He heard of the illness of the Turkish people, the excitement is followed by news about health, healing wished with all her heart. Understand the seriousness of the disease, write the 5 September 1938, a large portion of the wealth of the Turkish History and Turkish Language Societies spared. In mid-October seemed to rectify the situation. However, it is very desirable in the case, came to Ankara to attend the ceremony on the fifth anniversary of the republic failed.

29 October 1938, the message sent to the heroic Turkish Army, was read by Prime Minister Celal Bayar. "Victory begins with the history of humanity, and the past, always carry the light of civilization with the victory of the heroic Turkish army!" has indicated the importance of the Turkish Army. Again the same message "Turkish citizens and community prosperity and honor, the internal and external to any danger to protect more than providing the mission up, always ready to perform and was ready, me and our great nation and a full assurance, we believe there is" in the Turkish Army The trust has indicated.

Ataturk's Grand National Assembly on 1 November 1938, Turkey was not found in the opening ceremony. Speech Prime Minister Celal Bayar was read his opening preparation. Nutkunda country's development, health services and economic activities has issues. Furthermore, education and culture and also in contact whether the national youth and contemporary culture grow as the City University's development, Ankara University to complete and around Lake Van, a university for the establishment of work has been done. Turkish History and Turkish Language Societies announced their satisfaction with their work. In addition, the Turkish youth culture in sports as the ideal to reach the implementation of the Law on Physical Education for his pleasure said. Ataturk was a moment of death until the question of land was far away.

Atatürk's illness has intensified again. November 8, began publishing reports about health. All land was again covered with a deep sadness. Wishing to get rid of all Turkey's heart was pounding. However, rescue efforts were fruitless, and feared. Dolmabahce Palace, November 10, 1938 five past nine o'clock in the morning, people do not change the law, the provisions are applied. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk left us. This land with news, not only the Turkish nation, the world laws. Large, all the states that sent representatives to the funeral ceremony, the founder of the Republic of Turkey against the sent messages indicating their deep respect. Atatürk's coffin on November 16, Dolmabahce Palace was the big ceremony hall to the catafalque.
Three days and three nights, an old man against the flood of respect for the great leader, has expressed gratitude and loyalty. Prof. funeral on November 19. Was made by Prof Prof. Outside the gates of the palace on the shoulder of the two generals to the coffin is removed, the ball is put in the car, between the tears of the people of Istanbul from Gülhane Park was taken. Here was transferred to the armored with a torpedo. Big Island, to open, and the navy, who came to attend the ceremony accompanied by the foreign ship is armored brought for burial to Izmit. Armored taken from the funeral here, was put in a special train. Their last respects to perform assigned duties collected, leaving a deep sadness in the hearts of the people brought to the act.

Atatürk's death on the elected president Ismet Inonu, Turkey Grand National Assembly President, ministers, chief of staff, lawmakers and military and government dignitaries met by the funeral, Turkey Grand National Assembly, prepared in front catafalque was put. The people of London for her funeral through front with respect to the last mission. Monday, November 21, 1938, civil and military administrators and representatives of foreign states are prepared by the tens of thousands of people attended a ceremony was held. Atatürk's coffin from the catafalque in the later. Prepared to put in a temporary grave in the Museum of Ethnography. Later, the Turkish nation, worthy of this great man, a mausoleum in Ankara Rasattepe'de has done. The Ataturk Ethnography Museum from November 10, 1953 was brought to Naas. Have been brought here from every province of the country was prepared with the native soil was placed on eternal.